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Two APM agents that Application Performance Monitoring can use to collect data are Browser Agent and Java Agent. Browser Agent is a JavaScript snippet that can be embedded in web pages to collect Real User Monitoring (RUM) data, such as page load time, network latency, or user interactions. Java Agent is a Java library that can be attached to Java applications to collect Application Performance Monitoring (APM) data, such as traces, spans, metrics, or errors.

To start collecting a specific log for an Entity in Logging Analytics, you need to create an association of required Log Source with that Entity. An Entity is a logical representation of a resource that can generate log data, such as a host, a database, or an application. A Log Source is a definition of the location, format, and frequency of the log data. An association is a link between an Entity and a Log Source that enables Logging Analytics to collect and parse log data from that Entity.

Two components that the Management Agent solution includes in the Cloud service are:

• Management Agent. Management Agent is a lightweight process that collects and sends operational data from your resources to OCI services, such as Monitoring, Logging, or Stack Monitoring. Management Agent can collect data from various sources, such as databases, hosts, or applications.
• Management Gateway. Management Gateway is a component that enables secure communication between Management Agents and OCI services. Management Gateway acts as a proxy that encrypts and forwards data from Management Agents to OCI services.

Two examples of a Stack Monitoring deployment model are:

• Resources running on OCI compute instances. Stack Monitoring can monitor resources that are running on OCI compute instances, such as web servers, containers, or functions. Stack Monitoring can discover these resources using Management Agents or Functions Discovery Service.
• Resources running on-premises. Stack Monitoring can also monitor resources that are running on-premises, such as databases or applications. Stack Monitoring can discover these resources using Enterprise Manager Bridge or Management Agents.

A valid statement for auto-upgrade of Management Agent is that users cannot disable “auto-upgrade”. Auto-upgrade is a feature that automatically updates the Management Agent software to the latest version when it is available. Auto-upgrade is always enabled by default and cannot be disabled by users. Auto-upgrade ensures that the Management Agent software is always up to date and secure.

Two SQL Warehouse categories to analyze SQL Performance in Operations Insights are:

• Plan changes. Plan changes are SQL statements that have experienced a change in their execution plan over time. Plan changes can affect the performance and resource consumption of SQL statements.
• Degraded. Degraded are SQL statements that have experienced a decrease in their performance over time. Degraded SQL statements can cause performance issues and resource contention in your databases.

The correct logging CLI syntax for the log search with a query for REST call responses having status code 400, within the web Log Group and the application Log is oci logging-search search-logs --search-query ‘search “ocidl.compartment.ocl…aaaaaaaawqegmjifhni77bqm625cxioavoq775jckfn2syxqtmglabcccdxyz/web/application” I where data.statusCode = 400’–time-start 2022-02-06T00:00:002 --time-end 2022-02-07T00:00:002. This syntax will search for log records that match the following criteria:

• The log records belong to the compartment with OCID ocidl.compartment.ocl…aaaaaaaawqegmjifhni77bqm625cxioavoq775jckfn2syxqtmglabcccdxyz
• The log records belong to the web Log Group and the application Log
• The log records have a field called data.statusCode with a value of 400
• The log records are within the time range from 2022-02-06T00:00:002 to 2022-02-07T00:00:002

To ensure continuous monitoring of both on-premises VMs and OCI compute instances, you need to configure OCI Compute agent on both sources to collect the required resource metrics. The OCI Compute agent is a lightweight process that monitors the host and the processes running on the host. You can use OCI Events service to track the end-to-end deployment process (com.oraclecloud.computeapi.launchinstance.end) and creation of new buckets (com.oraclecloud.objectstorage.createbucket) in your target environment. You can use OCI Notifications and Events services to notify these changes via email or other supported protocols.

Two items that describe the capabilities of the OCI Database Management Service are:

• Perform management tasks across a group of databases. Database Management Service provides a feature called Database Fleet Management that allows you to perform management tasks across a group of databases in yourtenancy. You can use Database Fleet Management to view and compare the configuration, performance, and security of your databases. You can also use Database Fleet Management to execute SQL commands or scripts on multiple databases at once.
• Monitor database performance. Database Management Service also provides various tools and dashboards that let you monitor the performance of your databases and SQL statements. You can use Performance Hub to view real-time and historical performance data of your databases. You can also use SQL Monitor to view real-time and historical execution details of your SQL statements.

 One of the primary use cases for the OCI Observability and Management (O&M) Logging Analytics service is to monitor, aggregate, index, and analyze log data. Logging Analytics is a feature of O&M that provides a unified platform for managing and analyzing log data from various sources, such as OCI services, on-premises systems, or custom applications. Logging Analytics can help you reduce noise, identify patterns, detect anomalies, and troubleshoot issues from your log data.

An essential step while building a reliable log monitoring environment is noise baseline determination. Noise baseline is the level of noise or irrelevant log data that is present in your environment. By determining the noise baseline, you can filter out the noise and focus on the signal or meaningful log data that can help you monitor and troubleshoot your environment. For more information, see Reducing Noise.

To enable Operations Insights for an Autonomous Database, you need to enable Operations Insights for the database in the Autonomous Database details page. This will allow you to monitor and analyze the performance, resource utilization, and SQL activity of your Autonomous Database.

A valid statement about creating an alarm query in OCI Monitoring is that you must specify a resource group. A resource group is an optional feature that allows you to group metrics by certain attributes or tags. By specifying a resource group in your alarm query, you can filter out the metrics that belong to different resource groups and focus on the ones that are relevant for your alarm condition.

A valid Log Category name in OCI Logging Service is Custom Logs. Custom Logs are logs that are generated by your own applications or services that are not part of OCI services. Custom Logs can be collected by Logging Service using various methods, such as Unified Monitoring Agent, SDKs, or APIs. Custom Logs can help you monitor and troubleshoot your custom applications or services.

The pillars of Observability are Logs, Metrics, and Traces. Logs are records of events that occur in your system or application. Metrics are numerical measurements that describe the behavior and performance of your system or application. Traces are collections of spans that represent a single user request or transaction across different services and components. You can use Dashboard to create a single view that shows logs, metrics, and traces from various sources in one place.

The Machine Learning based visualization that is helpful in analyzing extremely large volumes of log records by grouping them based on their shape is Cluster. Cluster is a feature of Logging Analytics that uses machine learning algorithms to group log records into clusters based on their similarity or dissimilarity. Cluster can help you reduce noise, identify patterns, detect anomalies, and troubleshoot issues from your log data.

The section within a Log that contains the Log Group’s OCID is Unified Envelope. Unified Envelope is a standard format that wraps around any log record collected by Logging Service. Unified Envelope contains metadata about the log record, such as timeCreated, compartmentId, logGroupId, or source. The logGroupId field contains the OCID of the Log Group that the log record belongs to.

The Management Agent group that allows the agent to upload data to the discovery service is AgentUsersGrp. AgentUsersGrp is a predefined dynamic group that contains all the Management Agents in your tenancy. You need to attach a policy to this group that grants the permission to upload data to the discovery service endpoint.