Free and Premium Juniper JN0-649 Dumps Questions Answers

Step 1: Identify the requirement.

You need an OSPF area that only contains intra-area route information in the form of Type 1 and Type 2 LSAs.

Step 2: Analyze the possible OSPF area types.

Option A: Totally non-to-stubby area.

Option B: Totally stubby area.

Option C: Stub area.

Option D: Non-to-stubby area.

Step 3: Understand OSPF area types.

Totally Stubby Area (Option B): Only allows Type 1 and Type 2 LSAs and blocks Type 3, 4, and 5 LSAs. It uses a default route to represent external routes.

This fits the requirement of containing only intra-area routes.

References:

Juniper OSPF configuration guide on area types​​​​.

Commands for configuring a totally stubby area:

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set protocols ospf area stub no-summaries

Multitenancy with Routing Instances:

In a multitenant network, different tenants are isolated using routing instances.

Each routing instance can have its own routing table and policies.

BGP and Load Balancing:

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is often used for interconnecting different autonomous systems or for internal routing.

Load balancing in BGP can be achieved using the multipath feature, which allows the installation of multiple paths to the same destination in the routing table.

Additionally, configuring per-packet load balancing ensures that traffic is distributed across multiple paths more granularly.

Configuring Multipath in BGP:

Hierarchy Considerations: The multipath option must be configured at appropriate hierarchies to ensure it applies to the correct scope (either globally or within a specific routing instance).

Detailed Configuration:

Statement C: Configure a load-balance per-packet policy and apply it at the [edit routing-options forwarding-table] hierarchy.

Correct: Configuring a load-balance per-packet policy ensures that packets are distributed evenly across multiple paths. This is crucial for achieving effective load balancing.

Configuration Example:

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set routing-options forwarding-table export load-balance-per-packet

Policy Definition Example:

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set policy-options policy-statement load-balance-per-packet term 1 then load-balance per-packet

Statement D: Configure the multipath option at the [edit routing-instances routing-options] hierarchy.

Correct: Configuring multipath within a routing instance ensures that the load balancing feature is applied specifically to that instance, which is crucial in a multitenant environment.

Configuration Example:

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set routing-instances routing-options multipath

References:

Useful Juniper Commands

Juniper Routing Instances and Multipath Configuration

These configurations ensure that load balancing is achieved within each routing instance, leveraging both per-packet load balancing and the multipath feature in Junos OS for BGP. By configuring at the forwarding-table and routing-instance levels, you ensure the load balancing behavior is correctly applied to achieve the desired network performance and redundancy.

 OSPF Route Summarization Benefits:

Reduces Routing Table Size: By summarizing routes, multiple specific routes are combined into a single route. This reduces the number of entries in the routing table, making it more efficient and easier for the devices to process. This is critical in large networks to maintain performance and manageability.

Reduces Impact of Topology Changes: When a topology change occurs in one of the summarized routes, it does not need to propagate throughout the entire network. Only the summary route may need to be updated, which minimizes the impact and limits the scope of updates needed.

 Implementation in OSPF:

Configuration Example:

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set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 range 10.1.0.0/16

This command summarizes the routes in area 0.0.0.0 to a single route of 10.1.0.0/16.

 References:

The documents provided, such as "network-mgmt.pdf" and other relevant configuration guides, emphasize these benefits as fundamental to efficient OSPF deployment​​​​.

Understanding Multicast Listener Registration Protocols:

Multicast listener registration protocols are used to manage multicast group memberships on a network.

They allow devices to join or leave multicast groups dynamically.

Protocols Supported by Junos:

MLD (Multicast Listener Discovery):

Used for IPv6 multicast group management. It is the IPv6 equivalent of IGMP.

MLD allows routers to discover multicast listeners on a network.

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol):

Used for IPv4 multicast group management.

IGMP enables hosts to join and leave multicast groups and allows routers to manage multicast group memberships.

Verification and Configuration in Junos:

MLD and IGMP are supported on Juniper devices running the Junos operating system.

Configuration examples:

IGMP:

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set protocols igmp interface ge-0/0/1.0

MLD:

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set protocols mld interface ge-0/0/1.0

References:

Juniper IGMP Configuration Guide

Juniper MLD Configuration Guide

802.1X Authentication and Re-authentication:

802.1X is used for network access control, where clients (supplicants) authenticate through a RADIUS server.

If a client cannot re-authenticate, the network access behavior depends on the configured action.

Permit Access Configuration:

The permit action ensures that the client continues to have network access if re-authentication fails.

This is crucial in scenarios where continuous access is needed despite temporary authentication issues.

Configuration Syntax:

On the Juniper device, configure the permit action:

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set protocols dot1x authenticator authentication-profile re-authentication permit

References:

Juniper documentation on 802.1X configuration

Understanding 802.1X re-authentication and access control mechanisms

To ensure that each host is placed on a separate VLAN when using an unmanaged switch between the hosts and the EX Series switch:

Configure an input firewall filter on interface ge-0/0/3 to match the source MAC or IP address of the hosts to assign the VLANs:

By configuring an input firewall filter, you can match the source MAC or IP address of incoming traffic and assign the appropriate VLAN based on these criteria.

This method ensures that even though the switch between hosts and EX Series is unmanaged, VLAN assignments are still properly enforced at the EX Series switch.

Configuration Example:

set firewall family ethernet-switching filter VLAN-assignment term VLAN100 from source-mac-address xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx

set firewall family ethernet-switching filter VLAN-assignment term VLAN100 then vlan-assignment vlan 100

set firewall family ethernet-switching filter VLAN-assignment term VLAN200 from source-mac-address yy:yy:yy:yy:yy:yy

set firewall family ethernet-switching filter VLAN-assignment term VLAN200 then vlan-assignment vlan 200

set firewall family ethernet-switching filter VLAN-assignment term VLAN300 from source-mac-address zz:zz:zz:zz:zz:zz

set firewall family ethernet-switching filter VLAN-assignment term VLAN300 then vlan-assignment vlan 300

set interfaces ge-0/0/3 unit 0 family ethernet-switching filter input VLAN-assignment

References:

The command references from "Useful Juniper Commands.txt" and network configuration guides provide details on firewall filters and VLAN assignments​​.

Step 1: Identify the problem.

Devices do not support VPN NLRI, and you must prevent these devices from receiving BGP VPN routes.

Step 2: Analyze the possible solutions.

Option A: Configure an import policy on the remote peer to reject the routes when they are received.

This approach would require configuration on the remote peer, which might not always be practical or possible.

Option B: Configure an export policy on the local BGP peer to reject the VPN routes being sent to the remote peer.

This ensures the local BGP peer does not send the VPN routes to the remote peer, directly addressing the problem.

Option C: Configure a route reflector for the VPN NLRI.

This does not solve the issue of preventing the advertisement of VPN routes to non-supporting peers.

Option D: Configure the apply-vpn-export feature on the local BGP peer.

This feature ensures that the VPN export policies are applied, preventing the advertisement of VPN routes to peers that do not support VPN NLRI.

Step 3: Verify the configurations.

Option B and Option D directly address the requirement without needing configurations on the remote peer.

References:

Juniper BGP configuration guide on export policies​​​​​​.

Commands for applying export policies:

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set policy-options policy-statement term from protocol bgp-vpn

set policy-options policy-statement term then reject

set protocols bgp group export

set protocols bgp apply-vpn-export

When two BGP routes have identical attributes (MED, origin, AS path length, local preference), BGP uses the router ID as a tie-breaker. In this case, route 2 has a higher router ID (10.10.200.1 vs. 10.10.100.1). BGP will select the route with the higher router ID as the active route.

References:

Useful Juniper Commands.txt

Tech Ops Managed Router Juniper Install Guide

For devices like printers that do not support 802.1X authentication, you can configure static MAC bypass. This allows traffic from devices with specific MAC addresses to bypass 802.1X authentication and gain network access directly.

References:

From the Juniper documentation, you can implement static MAC bypass for devices that do not support 802.1X by configuring their MAC addresses to be statically permitted on the network.

Useful Juniper Commands.txt

Tech Ops Managed Router Juniper Install Guide

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# Example configuration for static MAC bypass

set protocols dot1x authenticator interface ge-0/0/1.0 mac-radius static-mac 00:11:22:33:44:55

commit

These configurations and explanations should address the questions accurately based on the provided information and referenced documents.

To implement fault-tolerant RPs (Rendezvous Points) in a multicast network, the following two solutions are appropriate:

Use MSDP with statically defined RPs:

MSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol) is used to share multicast source information between multiple RPs in different domains or within the same domain. It allows for RP redundancy by ensuring that if one RP fails, another RP can take over the role and continue to manage multicast group memberships.

Enabling LLDP-MED:

LLDP-MED (Link Layer Discovery Protocol - Media Endpoint Discovery) is an extension of LLDP specifically for VoIP devices.

It allows network devices to advertise and receive configuration information, such as VLAN IDs, from the network switch.

Voice VLAN Feature:

The voice VLAN feature on switches is designed to simplify the deployment of VoIP by automatically placing voice traffic on a designated VLAN.

Configuring the appropriate access interfaces and VLAN ID for voice traffic ensures that voice packets are prioritized and properly segmented from other types of traffic.

Configuration Steps:

Enable LLDP-MED on the appropriate access interfaces:

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set protocols lldp-med interface ge-0/0/0

Enable the voice VLAN feature and specify the VLAN ID:

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set ethernet-switching-options voip interface ge-0/0/0 vlan voice

set ethernet-switching-options voip interface ge-0/0/0 forwarding-class assured-forwarding

References:

Juniper documentation on LLDP-MED

Juniper EX Series switch configuration guide for voice VLAN

Junos OS supports both underlay and ingress replication for BUM (Broadcast, Unknown unicast, and Multicast) traffic forwarding in EVPN-VXLAN deployments. Ingress replication is used for efficient multicast traffic distribution in networks where underlay multicast is not available.

References:

EVPN-VXLAN Configuration Guide, Juniper Networks

Juniper Networks Documentation on EVPN-VXLAN

The address range 232.0.0.0/8 is reserved for Source-Specific Multicast (SSM). This range is specifically allocated for SSM where data is sent from a specific source to the receivers.

References:

Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) Overview, RFC 4607

In a PIM-SM (Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode) network setup:

Before the formation of the rendezvous-point tree, a join message is sent from R1 to R3 (RP):

R1, being the router connected to the receiver, sends a PIM join message towards the RP (R3) to join the multicast group.

Before the formation of the rendezvous-point tree, an IGMP is sent from the Receiver to R1:

The receiver sends an IGMP membership report to its directly connected router (R1), indicating its interest in joining a multicast group.

References:

The behavior of PIM-SM and the process of join messages and IGMP reports are covered in multicast networking sections of network configuration and design guides​​​​.

The leaf node is not configured for the family evpn NLRI (D):

The exhibit shows that there is an unsupported capability NP error for AFI 1, SAFI 70. This indicates that the leaf node is not configured to support the EVPN (Ethernet VPN) address family.

References:

The BGP configuration and troubleshooting details can be found in "Juniper Commands.pdf" and related EVPN configuration documents​​​​.