You've gained physical access to a Windows 2008 R2 server which has an accessible disc drive. When you attempt to boot the server and log in, you are unable to guess the password. In your tool kit you have an Ubuntu 9.10 Linux LiveCD. Which Linux based tool has the ability to change any user's password or to activate disabled Windows accounts?
Nation-state threat actors often discover vulnerabilities and hold on to them until they want to launch a sophisticated attack. The Stuxnet attack was an unprecedented style of attack because it used four types of vulnerability.
What is this style of attack called?
It is a kind of malware (malicious software) that criminals install on your computer so they can lock it from a remote location. This malware generates a pop-up window, webpage, or email warning from what looks like an official authority. It explains that your computer has been locked because of possible illegal activities on it and demands payment before you can access your files and programs again.
Which of the following terms best matches the definition?
When you are testing a web application, it is very useful to employ a proxy tool to save every request and response. You can manually test every request and analyze the response to find vulnerabilities. You can test parameter and headers manually to get more precise results than if using web vulnerability scanners.
What proxy tool will help you find web vulnerabilities?
An attacker has installed a RAT on a host. The attacker wants to ensure that when a user attempts to go to " ", that the user is directed to a phishing site.
Which file does the attacker need to modify?
What is the benefit of performing an unannounced Penetration Testing?
You've just been hired to perform a pen test on an organization that has been subjected to a large-scale attack. The CIO is concerned with mitigating threats and vulnerabilities to totally eliminate risk.
What is one of the first things you should do when given the job?
Which of the following is not a Bluetooth attack?
After trying multiple exploits, you've gained root access to a Centos 6 server. To ensure you maintain access, what would you do first?
In 2007, this wireless security algorithm was rendered useless by capturing packets and discovering the passkey in a matter of seconds. This security flaw led to a network invasion of TJ Maxx and data theft through a technique known as wardriving.
Which Algorithm is this referring to?
What is the best description of SQL Injection?
A penetration tester is conducting a port scan on a specific host. The tester found several ports opened that were confusing in concluding the Operating System (OS) version installed. Considering the NMAP result below, which of the following is likely to be installed on the target machine by the OS?
You are attempting to man-in-the-middle a session. Which protocol will allow you to guess a sequence number?
You just set up a security system in your network. In what kind of system would you find the following string of characters used as a rule within its configuration?
alert tcp any any -> 192.168.100.0/24 21 (msg: "FTP on the network!";)
You are a Network Security Officer. You have two machines. The first machine (192.168.0.99) has snort installed, and the second machine (192.168.0.150) has kiwi syslog installed. You perform a syn scan in your network, and you notice that kiwi syslog is not receiving the alert message from snort. You decide to run wireshark in the snort machine to check if the messages are going to the kiwi syslog machine.
What wireshark filter will show the connections from the snort machine to kiwi syslog machine?
A common cryptographical tool is the use of XOR. XOR the following binary values:
10110001
00111010
A big company, who wanted to test their security infrastructure, wants to hire elite pen testers like you. During the interview, they asked you to show sample reports from previous penetration tests. What should you do?
Name two software tools used for OS guessing? (Choose two.)
Which of the following command line switch would you use for OS detection in Nmap?
Which of the following tools would MOST LIKELY be used to perform security audit on various of forms of network systems?
The chance of a hard drive failure is known to be once every four years. The cost of a new hard drive is $500. EF (Exposure Factor) is about 0.5. Calculate for the Annualized Loss Expectancy (ALE).
In IPv6 what is the major difference concerning application layer vulnerabilities compared to IPv4?
Destination unreachable administratively prohibited messages can inform the hacker to what?
........is an attack type for a rogue Wi-Fi access point that appears to be a legitimate one offered on the premises, but actually has been set up to eavesdrop on wireless communications. It is the wireless version of the phishing scam. An attacker fools wireless users into connecting a laptop or mobile phone to a tainted hotspot by posing as a legitimate provider. This type of attack may be used to steal the passwords of unsuspecting users by either snooping the communication link or by phishing, which involves setting up a fraudulent web site and luring people there.
Fill in the blank with appropriate choice.
What tool and process are you going to use in order to remain undetected by an IDS while pivoting and passing traffic over a server you’ve compromised and gained root access to?
Which of the following is a form of penetration testing that relies heavily on human interaction and often involves tricking people into breaking normal security procedures?
You’ve just gained root access to a Centos 6 server after days of trying. What tool should you use to maintain access?
Which of the following security policies defines the use of VPN for gaining access to an internal corporate network?
Shellshock had the potential for an unauthorized user to gain access to a server. It affected many internet-facing services, which OS did it not directly affect?
Your next door neighbor, that you do not get along with, is having issues with their network, so he yells to his spouse the network's SSID and password and you hear them both clearly. What do you do with this information?
While performing online banking using a Web browser, Kyle receives an email that contains an image of a well-crafted art. Upon clicking the image, a new tab on the web browser opens and shows an animated GIF of bills and coins being swallowed by a crocodile. After several days, Kyle noticed that all his funds on the bank was gone. What Web browser-based security vulnerability got exploited by the hacker?
Which of the following is designed to verify and authenticate individuals taking part in a data exchange within an enterprise?
Which results will be returned with the following Google search query?
site:target.com -site:Marketing.target.com accounting
Which of the following identifies the three modes in which Snort can be configured to run?
What type of OS fingerprinting technique sends specially crafted packets to the remote OS and analyzes the received response?
Which statement is TRUE regarding network firewalls preventing Web Application attacks?
A bank stores and processes sensitive privacy information related to home loans. However, auditing has never been enabled on the system. What is the first step that the bank should take before enabling the audit feature?
A computer science student needs to fill some information into a secured Adobe PDF job application that was received from a prospective employer. Instead of requesting a new document that allowed the forms to be completed, the student decides to write a script that pulls passwords from a list of commonly used passwords to try against the secured PDF until the correct password is found or the list is exhausted.
Which cryptography attack is the student attempting?
A hacker, who posed as a heating and air conditioning specialist, was able to install a sniffer program in a switched environment network. Which attack could the hacker use to sniff all of the packets in the network?
Which of the following parameters enables NMAP's operating system detection feature?
Which of the following scanning tools is specifically designed to find potential exploits in Microsoft Windows products?
On a Linux device, which of the following commands will start the Nessus client in the background so that the Nessus server can be configured?
Which set of access control solutions implements two-factor authentication?
A security analyst in an insurance company is assigned to test a new web application that will be used by clients to help them choose and apply for an insurance plan. The analyst discovers that the application is developed in ASP scripting language and it uses MSSQL as a database backend. The analyst locates the application's search form and introduces the following code in the search input field:
When the analyst submits the form, the browser returns a pop-up window that says "Vulnerable".
Which web applications vulnerability did the analyst discover?
One way to defeat a multi-level security solution is to leak data via
Which of the following is a detective control?
Which of the following examples best represents a logical or technical control?
Which type of access control is used on a router or firewall to limit network activity?
Which of the following is a common Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) vulnerability?
Which of the following is a primary service of the U.S. Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT)?
For messages sent through an insecure channel, a properly implemented digital signature gives the receiver reason to believe the message was sent by the claimed sender. While using a digital signature, the message digest is encrypted with which key?
Which of the following levels of algorithms does Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) use?
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 27002 provides guidance for compliance by outlining
What are the three types of compliance that the Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTMM) recognizes?
SOAP services use which technology to format information?
Which vital role does the U.S. Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) provide?
A certified ethical hacker (CEH) is approached by a friend who believes her husband is cheating. She offers to pay to break into her husband's email account in order to find proof so she can take him to court. What is the ethical response?
Which Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) implements a web application full of known vulnerabilities?
An attacker sniffs encrypted traffic from the network and is subsequently able to decrypt it. The attacker can now use which cryptanalytic technique to attempt to discover the encryption key?
If a tester is attempting to ping a target that exists but receives no response or a response that states the destination is unreachable, ICMP may be disabled and the network may be using TCP. Which other option could the tester use to get a response from a host using TCP?
A consultant has been hired by the V.P. of a large financial organization to assess the company's security posture. During the security testing, the consultant comes across child pornography on the V.P.'s computer. What is the consultant's obligation to the financial organization?
Which of the following describes a component of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) where a copy of a private key is stored to provide third-party access and to facilitate recovery operations?
The intrusion detection system at a software development company suddenly generates multiple alerts regarding attacks against the company's external webserver, VPN concentrator, and DNS servers. What should the security team do to determine which alerts to check first?
Which of the following guidelines or standards is associated with the credit card industry?
What did the following commands determine?
What is a NULL scan?
Windows LAN Manager (LM) hashes are known to be weak.
Which of the following are known weaknesses of LM? (Choose three.)
Which of the following algorithms can be used to guarantee the integrity of messages being sent, in transit, or stored?
You are tasked to configure the DHCP server to lease the last 100 usable IP addresses in subnet to. 1.4.0/23. Which of the following IP addresses could be teased as a result of the new configuration?
During an Xmas scan what indicates a port is closed?
Study the following log extract and identify the attack.
Gavin owns a white-hat firm and is performing a website security audit for one of his clients. He begins by running a scan which looks for common misconfigurations and outdated software versions. Which of the following tools is he most likely using?
One of your team members has asked you to analyze the following SOA record.
What is the TTL? Rutgers.edu.SOA NS1.Rutgers.edu ipad.college.edu (200302028 3600 3600 604800 2400.)
Which DNS resource record can indicate how long any "DNS poisoning" could last?
Which command can be used to show the current TCP/IP connections?
Identify the correct terminology that defines the above statement.
Which type of sniffing technique is generally referred as MiTM attack?
Which address translation scheme would allow a single public IP address to always correspond to a single machine on an internal network, allowing "server publishing"?
You are attempting to crack LM Manager hashed from Windows 2000 SAM file. You will be using LM Brute force hacking tool for decryption. What encryption algorithm will you be decrypting?
You are performing a penetration test for a client and have gained shell access to a Windows machine on the internal network. You intend to retrieve all DNS records for the internal domain, if the DNS server is at 192.168.10.2 and the domain name is abccorp.local, what command would you type at the nslookup prompt to attempt a zone transfer?
Which of the following attacks exploits web age vulnerabilities that allow an attacker to force an unsuspecting user’s browser to send malicious requests they did not intend?
You are working as a Security Analyst in a company XYZ that owns the whole subnet range of 23.0.0.0/8 and 192.168.0.0/8.
While monitoring the data, you find a high number of outbound connections. You see that IP’s owned by XYZ (Internal) and private IP’s are communicating to a Single Public IP. Therefore, the Internal IP’s are sending data to the Public IP.
After further analysis, you find out that this Public IP is a blacklisted IP, and the internal communicating devices are compromised.
What kind of attack does the above scenario depict?
Log monitoring tools performing behavioral analysis have alerted several suspicious logins on a Linux server occurring during non-business hours. After further examination of all login activities, it is noticed that none of the logins have occurred during typical work hours. A Linux administrator who is investigating this problem realizes the system time on the Linux server is wrong by more than twelve hours. What protocol used on Linux servers to synchronize the time has stopped working?
Identify the web application attack where the attackers exploit vulnerabilities in dynamically generated web pages to inject client-side script into web pages viewed by other users.
An unauthorized individual enters a building following an employee through the employee entrance after the lunch rush. What type of breach has the individual just performed?
Why containers are less secure that virtual machines?
Bob, a network administrator at BigUniversity, realized that some students are connecting their notebooks in the wired network to have Internet access. In the university campus, there are many Ethernet ports available for professors and authorized visitors but not for students.
He identified this when the IDS alerted for malware activities in the network.
What should Bob do to avoid this problem?
You are looking for SQL injection vulnerability by sending a special character to web applications. Which of the following is the most useful for quick validation?
You are the Network Admin, and you get a compliant that some of the websites are no longer accessible. You try to ping the servers and find them to be reachable. Then you type the IP address and then you try on the browser, and find it to be accessible. But they are not accessible when you try using the URL.
What may be the problem?
The collection of potentially actionable, overt, and publicly available information is known as
Email is transmitted across the Internet using the Simple Mail Transport Protocol. SMTP does not encrypt email, leaving the information in the message vulnerable to being read by an unauthorized person. SMTP can upgrade a connection between two mail servers to use TLS. Email transmitted by SMTP over TLS is encrypted. What is the name of the command used by SMTP to transmit email over TLS?
Which of the following is an adaptive SQL Injection testing technique used to discover coding errors by inputting massive amounts of random data and observing the changes in the output?
Which of the following Bluetooth hacking techniques does an attacker use to send messages to users without the recipient’s consent, similar to email spamming?
What type of vulnerability/attack is it when the malicious person forces the user’s browser to send an authenticated request to a server?
Which of the following program infects the system boot sector and the executable files at the same time?
Assume a business-crucial web-site of some company that is used to sell handsets to the customers worldwide. All the developed components are reviewed by the security team on a monthly basis. In order to drive business further, the web-site developers decided to add some 3rd party marketing tools on it. The tools are written in JavaScript and can track the customer’s activity on the site. These tools are located on the servers of the marketing company.
What is the main security risk associated with this scenario?
Sid is a judge for a programming contest. Before the code reaches him it goes through a restricted OS and is tested there. If it passes, then it moves onto Sid. What is this middle step called?
A company's Web development team has become aware of a certain type of security vulnerability in their Web software. To mitigate the possibility of this vulnerability being exploited, the team wants to modify the software requirements to disallow users from entering HTML as input into their Web application.
What kind of Web application vulnerability likely exists in their software?
Which method of password cracking takes the most time and effort?
The company ABC recently contracted a new accountant. The accountant will be working with the financial statements. Those financial statements need to be approved by the CFO and then they will be sent to the accountant but the CFO is worried because he wants to be sure that the information sent to the accountant was not modified once he approved it. What of the following options can be useful to ensure the integrity of the data?
Which Metasploit Framework tool can help penetration tester for evading Anti-virus Systems?
In Risk Management, how is the term "likelihood" related to the concept of "threat?"
Which of the following areas is considered a strength of symmetric key cryptography when compared with asymmetric algorithms?
You want to do an ICMP scan on a remote computer using hping2. What is the proper syntax?
Which of the following security operations is used for determining the attack surface of an organization?
If there is an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in intranet, which port scanning technique cannot be used?
Due to a slowdown of normal network operations, IT department decided to monitor internet traffic for all of the employees. From a legal stand point, what would be troublesome to take this kind of measure?
To determine if a software program properly handles a wide range of invalid input, a form of automated testing can be used to randomly generate invalid input in an attempt to crash the program.
What term is commonly used when referring to this type of testing?
An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has alerted the network administrator to a possibly malicious sequence of packets sent to a Web server in the network's external DMZ. The packet traffic was captured by the IDS and saved to a PCAP file.
What type of network tool can be used to determine if these packets are genuinely malicious or simply a false positive?
Look at the following output. What did the hacker accomplish?
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