ISC CISSP Exam With Confidence Using Practice Dumps

WEP uses a small range Initialization Vector (IV) is the factor that contributes to the weakness of Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) protocol. WEP is a security protocol that provides encryption and authentication for wireless networks, such as Wi-Fi. WEP uses the RC4 stream cipher to encrypt the data packets, and the CRC-32 checksum to verify the data integrity. WEP also uses a shared secret key, which is concatenated with a 24-bit Initialization Vector (IV), to generate the keystream for the RC4 encryption. WEP has several weaknesses and vulnerabilities, such as:

• WEP uses a small range Initialization Vector (IV), which results in 16,777,216 (2^24) possible values. This might seem large, but it is not enough for a high-volume wireless network, where the same IV can be reused frequently, creating keystream reuse and collisions. An attacker can capture and analyze the encrypted data packets that use the same IV, and recover the keystream and the secret key, using techniques such as the Fluhrer, Mantin, and Shamir (FMS) attack, or the KoreK attack.
• WEP uses a weak integrity check, which is the CRC-32 checksum. The CRC-32 checksum is a linear function that can be easily computed and manipulated by anyone who knows the keystream. An attacker can modify the encrypted data packets and the checksum, without being detected, using techniques such as the bit-flipping attack, or the chop-chop attack.
• WEP uses a static and shared secret key, which is manually configured and distributed among all the wireless devices that use the same network. The secret key is not changed or refreshed automatically, unless the administrator does it manually. This means that the secret key can be exposed or compromised over time, and that all the wireless devices can be affected by a single key breach. An attacker can also exploit the weak authentication mechanism of WEP, which is based on the secret key, and gain unauthorized access to the network, using techniques such as the authentication spoofing attack, or the shared key authentication attack.

WEP has been deprecated and replaced by more secure protocols, such as Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) or Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2), which use stronger encryption and authentication methods, such as the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), or the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP).

The other options are not factors that contribute to the weakness of WEP, but rather factors that are irrelevant or incorrect. WEP does not use Message Digest 5 (MD5), which is a hash function that produces a 128-bit output from a variable-length input. WEP does not use Diffie-Hellman, which is a method for generating a shared secret key between two parties. WEP does use an Initialization Vector (IV), which is a 24-bit value that is concatenated with the secret key.

The most important part of an awareness and training plan to prepare employees for emergency situations is to design business continuity and disaster recovery training programs for different audiences. This means that the training content, format, frequency, and delivery methods should be tailored to the specific needs, roles, and responsibilities of the target audience, such as senior management, business unit managers, IT staff, recovery team members, or general employees. Different audiences may have different levels of awareness, knowledge, skills, and involvement in the business continuity and disaster recovery processes, and therefore require different types of training to ensure they are adequately prepared and informed. Designing business continuity and disaster recovery training programs for different audiences can help to increase the effectiveness, efficiency, and consistency of the training, as well as the engagement, motivation, and retention of the learners. Having emergency contacts established for the general employee population to get information, conducting business continuity and disaster recovery training for those who have a direct role in the recovery, and publishing a corporate business continuity and disaster recovery plan on the corporate website are all important parts of an awareness and training plan, but they are not as important as designing business continuity and disaster recovery training programs for different audiences. Having emergency contacts established for the general employee population to get information can help to provide timely and accurate communication and guidance during an emergency situation, but it does not necessarily prepare the employees for their roles and responsibilities before, during, and after the emergency. Conducting business continuity and disaster recovery training for those who have a direct role in the recovery can help to ensure that they are competent and confident to perform their tasks and duties in the event of a disruption, but it does not address the needs and expectations of other audiences who may also be affected by or involved in the business continuity and disaster recovery processes. Publishing a corporate business continuity and disaster recovery plan on the corporate website can help to make the plan accessible and transparent to the stakeholders, but it does not guarantee that the plan is understood, followed, or updated by the employees. 

The information owner is the person who has the authority and responsibility for the information within an Information System (IS). The information owner is responsible for the protection of information when it is shared with or provided to other organizations, such as by defining the classification, sensitivity, retention, and disposal of the information, as well as by approving or denying the access requests and periodically reviewing the access rights. The system owner, the authorizing official, and the security officer are not responsible for the protection of information when it is shared with or provided to other organizations, although they may have roles and responsibilities related to the security and operation of the IS. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 1: Security and Risk Management, page 48; Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Fifth Edition, Chapter 1: Security and Risk Management, page 40.