Vce 212-89 Questions Latest

The EC-Council Incident Handler (ECIH) curriculum identifies email spoofing as a common technique in business email compromise (BEC) attacks. Attackers exploit weak or misconfigured DNS-based email authentication controls to forge sender identities.

Sender Policy Framework (SPF), DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM), and Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance (DMARC) are DNS-based mechanisms that validate legitimate email senders and prevent spoofing. Proper configuration ensures that receiving mail servers can verify message authenticity and reject forged communications.

In this scenario, unsecured DNS entries enabled identity relay spoofing. Strengthening SPF, DKIM, and DMARC directly addresses the root cause and prevents recurring forged message injections. This is a clear eradication measure aimed at eliminating the exploitation pathway.

Options A and B relate to review and analysis phases. Option C supports threat intelligence sharing but does not remediate the internal DNS weakness.

Therefore, strengthening SPF, DKIM, and DMARC configurations is the appropriate eradication strategy.

True attribution in the context of cyber incidents involves the identification of the actual individuals, groups, or entities behind an attack. This can include pinpointing specific persons, organizations, societies, or even countries that sponsor or carry out cyber intrusions or attacks. Alexis ' s efforts to identify and attribute the actors behind a recent attack by distinguishing the specific origins of the threat align with the concept of true attribution, which goes beyond mere speculation to provide concrete evidence about the perpetrators.

Volatile memory can contain running processes, active network connections, encryption keys, authentication information, injected code, and other evidence that disappears when power is removed. Because such information cannot be reconstructed reliably after shutdown, ECIH forensic first-response principles prioritize its acquisition before less volatile evidence. Capturing system memory immediately and then securing the physical and digital scene protects both evidence availability and integrity. Powering down affected machines would destroy RAM contents and potentially eliminate critical indicators of malware behavior or data exfiltration. Documentation is important, but delaying volatile-data preservation can result in irreversible evidence loss. Trusted forensic tools are also required during acquisition, but the essential sequencing is to capture volatile evidence first and then maintain controlled access and scene integrity throughout the investigation.

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A Trojan, short for Trojan horse, is a type of malicious software that misleads users of its true intent. It disguises itself as a legitimate and useful program, but once executed, it allows unauthorized access to the user ' s system. Unlike viruses and worms, Trojans do not replicate themselves but can be just as destructive. They are often used to create a backdoor to a computer system, allowing an attacker to gain access to the system or to deliver other malware. Trojans can be used for a variety of purposes, including stealing information, downloading or uploading files, monitoring the user ' s screen and keyboard, and more. The term " Trojan " comes from the Greek story of the wooden horse that was used to sneak soldiers into the city of Troy, which is analogous to the deceptive nature of this type of malware in cyber security.